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CGL English Sectional Set 3
Read the following instructions carefully
- The test contains 25 questions.
- Each question has 4 options, of which only one is correct.
- You have to finish the test in 15 minutes.
- You are awarded 1 mark for each correct answer, and 0.25 marks are deducted for each wrong answer.
- There is no negative marking for questions you do not attempt.
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Review this set's questions and answers (opens after you submit the test)
This free practice set from AndamanJobs has 25 questions to be solved in 15 minutes. Every question is listed below with four options. Open Show answer and explanation under a question to see the correct option and why it is correct. Try the timed test above first, then use this list to revise the questions you got wrong.
- Choose the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.
Regular exercise may ++obviate++ the need for certain medications later in life.- A. Delay
- B. Prevent
- C. Complicate
- D. Replace
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. Prevent
Obviate (टाल देना / अनावश्यक बना देना): To remove a need or difficulty in advance; to prevent.
Prevent (रोकना / होने न देना): To keep something from happening. (This is the exact Synonym of 'Obviate').
Regular exercise today makes certain medicines unnecessary later, i.e. it prevents the need from arising at all.
Delay (विलंब करना) only postpones the need, Complicate (उलझाना) worsens it, and Replace (बदलना) means substituting one thing for another. - Choose the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word.
The ++querulous++ customer argued about everything.- A. Cheerful
- B. Calm
- C. Complaining
- D. Polite
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. Complaining
Querulous (चिड़चिड़ा / हर बात पर शिकायत करने वाला): Habitually complaining in a petulant or whining manner.
Complaining (शिकायत करने वाला): Expressing dissatisfaction or annoyance. (This is the exact Synonym of 'Querulous').
The context clue "argued about everything" confirms the customer's fault-finding nature.
Cheerful (प्रसन्नचित्त), Calm (शांत) and Polite (विनम्र) are opposite in sense.
Exam Tip: Do not confuse querulous with quarrelsome (झगड़ालू); the first stresses complaining, the second fighting. - Select the wrongly spelt word out of the four alternatives.
- A. Ecstasy
- B. Apostasy
- C. Courtesey
- D. Hypocrisy
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. Courtesey
'Courtesy' is the correct spelling; Option (C) 'Courtesey' is wrongly spelt. (C-o-u-r-t-e-s-y)
Rule: The noun is related to 'courteous' but ends in '-sy', with no 'e' before the final 'y'.
Meaning: Polite and considerate behaviour (शिष्टाचार / सौजन्य).
Ecstasy (परमानंद), Apostasy (धर्मत्याग / सिद्धांत-त्याग) and Hypocrisy (पाखंड) are correctly spelt; all three end in '-sy', not '-cy'. - Choose the most appropriate antonym of the underlined word.
The critic’s review was ++scathing++, leaving the director upset.- A. Devastating
- B. Harsh
- C. Caustic
- D. Complimentary
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Complimentary
Scathing (कटु / तीखी आलोचना वाला): Witheringly severe in criticism; harsh and hurtful.
Complimentary (प्रशंसात्मक / तारीफ भरा): Expressing praise or admiration. (This is the exact Antonym of 'Scathing').
Devastating (विनाशकारी / घोर), Harsh (कठोर) and Caustic (चुभने वाला / व्यंग्यपूर्ण) are Synonyms of 'scathing'.
Spelling Tip:Complimentary (with 'i') means praising or free of charge, whereas Complementary (with 'e') means completing something (पूरक). - Choose the most appropriate antonym of the underlined word.
Geoff was ++ecstatic++ after the team won two-nil.- A. Elated
- B. Thrilled
- C. Miserable
- D. Happy
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. Miserable
Ecstatic (अत्यंत प्रसन्न / आनंद-विभोर): Feeling overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement.
Miserable (दुखी / बेहाल): Wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable. (This is the exact Antonym of 'Ecstatic').
Elated (उल्लसित), Thrilled (रोमांचित) and Happy (खुश) are Synonyms of 'ecstatic', so they cannot be antonyms.
The context "after the team won two-nil" confirms a state of great joy, whose opposite is misery. - Identify the incorrectly spelt word in the following sentence: He felt a bit baffeled by the strange request from his classmate.
- A. Baffeled
- B. Strange
- C. Request
- D. Classmate
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. Baffeled
The incorrectly spelt word is 'Baffeled'; its correct form is 'Baffled'. (B-a-f-f-l-e-d)
Rule: The root 'baffle' already ends in 'e', so the past form takes only '-d' (baffle + d); no extra 'e' appears between 'f' and 'l'.
Meaning: Baffled (हैरान / चकित / उलझन में): Totally bewildered or perplexed.
Strange, Request and Classmate are correctly spelt. - Select the correctly spelt word to replace the highlighted word in the given sentence.
His ++obstinnate++ refusal to compromise made the negotiation process difficult.- A. Obstinnate
- B. Obstinate
- C. Obstenate
- D. Obstinit
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. Obstinate
'Obstinate' is the correct spelling. (O-b-st-i-n-a-t-e)
Rule: It has a single 'n' and the syllables ob-stinate; the related noun is 'obstinacy' (हठ).
Meaning: Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action (ज़िद्दी / हठी).
Option (A) doubles the 'n', Option (C) uses 'e' in place of 'i', and Option (D) 'Obstinit' distorts the ending. - Choose the most appropriate option to fill the blank in the given sentence.
It is heartening to see how many people ________ their valuable time to keep the local park beautiful.- A. give in
- B. give away
- C. give up
- D. give out
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. give up
Give up (त्याग करना / समर्पित करना): Here, to sacrifice or devote one's time or comfort for some purpose.
The sentence praises people who spend their "valuable time" on the park; "give up their valuable time" shows a willing sacrifice of something precious.
Give in (हार मान लेना) means to surrender, Give away (मुफ़्त में दे देना / भेद खोलना) means to donate objects or reveal a secret, and Give out (बाँटना / काम करना बंद कर देना) means to distribute or to stop working.
Therefore, "give up" is the most appropriate option. - Select the correct direct form of the given sentence.
She explained that she was watching a movie when the incident happened.- A. She said, “She was watching a movie when the incident happened.”
- B. She said, “I am watching a movie when the incident happened.”
- C. She said, “I was watching a movie when the incident happened.”
- D. She says, “I was watching a movie when the incident happened.”
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. She said, “I was watching a movie when the incident happened.”
Key Rules for Conversion (Indirect to Direct): 'explained' → changes to 'said' in the direct form; the conjunction 'that' is dropped and inverted commas are added. 'she' (the speaker herself) → changes back to 'I'.
In the direct form, the action is naturally expressed in the Past Continuous ('I was watching'), because it was in progress when another past event ('the incident happened') took place.
Option (A) keeps 'She', Option (B) wrongly uses 'am watching' with a past event, and Option (D) uses the present 'says'; hence Option (C) is correct. - From the given options, select the homonym that corresponds to both Definition
(P) and Definition (Q).
(P) To combine, merge, or unite two separate companies or organisations into one unified corporate structure
(Q) To alloy, mix, or blend a metal alloy directly with liquid mercury- A. Coagulate
- B. Arbitrate
- C. Consolidate
- D. Amalgamate
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Amalgamate
Amalgamate (विलय करना / मिश्रण बनाना) fits both definitions. (P) Business sense: To combine two or more companies or organisations into a single body (समामेलन), e.g. "The two cooperative banks were amalgamated into one." (Q) Chemistry/Metallurgy sense: To alloy a metal with mercury; such an alloy is called an amalgam (पारद-मिश्रधातु), e.g. dental amalgam.
Consolidate (सुदृढ़ करना / एकीकृ त करना) fits only (P); Coagulate (जमना / थक्का बनना) means to thicken into a semi-solid, and Arbitrate (मध्यस्थता करना) means to settle a dispute. - Identify the option in which the underlined idiom has been used incorrectly.
- A. When her uncle offered to pay her full university tuition, Sofia ++looked a gift horse in the mouth++ by immediately thanking him and accepting the generous check.
- B. The newly appointed regional manager began ++throwing his weight around++ during his first week by demanding a larger corner office and forcing staff to log their bathroom breaks.
- C. The network security team routinely ++cried wolf++ by triggering high-priority alarms for minor software updates, leaving the staff unwary when a cyberattack actually occurred.
- D. The pioneering neuroscientist managed to ++blaze a trail++ in medical research by developing the world’s first non-invasive neural interface for paralysed patients.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. When her uncle offered to pay her full university tuition, Sofia ++looked a gift horse in the mouth++ by immediately thanking him and accepting the generous check.
Option (A) uses the idiom 'look a gift horse in the mouth' incorrectly.
Look a gift horse in the mouth (उपहार में कमियाँ ढूँढना): To find fault with or be ungrateful for a gift or favour; Sofia thanked her uncle and accepted the offer, which is the opposite of this meaning.
Throw one's weight around (रौब जमाना) in (B), Cry wolf (झूठा खतरा बताकर बार-बार डराना) in (C) and Blaze a trail (नई राह दिखाना / पहल करना) in (D) are used correctly.
The idiom would fit only if Sofia had questioned her uncle's motives or complained about the gift. - Identify the option in which the underlined idiom has been used incorrectly.
- A. After the startup acquired its primary competitor's patents and secured exclusive distribution rights, the board knew they ++held all the aces++ in the upcoming acquisition negotiations.
- B. Recognising that the younger team members needed leadership experience, the senior consultant decided to ++take a back seat++ during the project, offering guidance only when explicitly asked.
- C. The tyrannical creative director loved to ++lord it over++ his junior designers, frequently mocking their portfolios in front of the entire office to assert his dominance.
- D. Intending to reward the ambitious young politician for his absolute loyalty, the party chairman ++clipped his wings++ by promoting him to the prestigious position of committee chair.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Intending to reward the ambitious young politician for his absolute loyalty, the party chairman ++clipped his wings++ by promoting him to the prestigious position of committee chair.
Option (D) uses the idiom 'clip d someone's wings' incorrectly.
Clip someone's wings (पर कतरना / स्वतंत्रता या शक्ति सीमित करना): To restrict someone's freedom, power or ambition; it cannot describe a reward or a prestigious promotion.
Hold all the aces (सारे पत्ते अपने हाथ में होना / पूरा लाभ होना) in (A), Take a back seat (पीछे रहना / कम सक्रिय भूमिका लेना) in (B) and Lord it over (हुक्म चलाना / दबदबा दिखाना) in (C) are used correctly.
A correct use would be: "Fearing his growing popularity, the chairman clipped his wings by removing him from the committee." - Read the sentences provided in options A, B, C, and D carefully. Three of these sentences are entirely error-free.
Identify the single option that contains a grammatical error, improper word usage, or structural flaw.- A. Intellectual property attorneys noted that the firm’s subtle proclivity of predatory litigation tactics left it exposed to severe antitrust penalties.
- B. Financial analysts pointed out that the retail conglomerate's rapid expansion in emerging overseas markets helped stabilise its quarterly stock value.
- C. The lead aerospace engineer expressed absolute confidence in the structural integrity of the newly designed composite fuselage.
- D. High-altitude atmospheric measurements revealed that the seasonal shifts in wind patterns were heavily influenced by thermal currents over the Pacific.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. Intellectual property attorneys noted that the firm’s subtle proclivity of predatory litigation tactics left it exposed to severe antitrust penalties.
Option (A) contains the error: "subtle proclivity of predatory litigation tactics".
Grammar Rule (Fixed Preposition):'Proclivity' (प्रवृत्ति / झुकाव) means a natural tendency and is l followed by 'for' or 'to/towards', not 'of' (a proclivity for predatory litigation tactics).
Option (B) correctly uses 'help + bare infinitive' (helped stabilise), and Options (C) and (D) are free of errors (confidence in, influenced by). - Read the sentence below carefully. Choose the option (A/B/C) that best improves the sentence. If the sentence is already correct, select Option D (No improvement required).
The deep underground tectonic fissure was suddenly being closed because of the massive lithospheric compression was generated by the secondary shockwaves.- A. The deep underground tectonic fissure suddenly closed because of the massive lithospheric compression generated by the secondary shockwaves.
- B. The deep underground tectonic fissure was suddenly closed because of the secondary shockwaves generated massive lithospheric compression.
- C. The massive lithospheric compression generated by the secondary shockwaves were suddenly closed of the deep underground tectonic fissure.
- D. No improvement required
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. The deep underground tectonic fissure suddenly closed because of the massive lithospheric compression generated by the secondary shockwaves.
The original sentence has two errors: the awkward Past Continuous Passive 'was suddenly being closed', and a finite clause 'compression was generated' after 'because of'.
Grammar Rule (Because vs Because of):'Because of' is a preposition and must be followed by a noun phrase, whereas 'because' is a conjunction followed by a clause.
Option (A) fixes both: 'suddenly closed' (Simple Past, intransitive) and the noun phrase 'the massive lithospheric compression generated by the secondary shockwaves' (reduced participle phrase).
Option (B) still puts a clause after 'because of', and Option (C) distorts the meaning and uses 'were' with the singular subject 'compression'. - Read the sentence thoroughly, with special attention to the underlined segment.
Choose the most appropriate substitution from A, B, or C. If the sentence is fine as it is, select D (No improvement required).
e Had the lead cryptanalyst deciphered the compromised communications matrix before the strike team deployed, ++he would avoid the subsequent ambush++ altogether.- A. he would avoided the subsequent ambush
- B. he would have avoided the subsequent ambush
- C. he had avoided the subsequent ambush
- D. No improvement required
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. he would have avoided the subsequent ambush
Grammar Rule (Third Conditional with Inversion): 'Had + Subject + V3' (= If + Subject + had + V3) refers to an unreal past condition, so the main clause must take 'would have + V3'.
Structure:Had + Subject + V3 ..., Subject + would have + V3.
The underlined 'he would avoid' is the Second Conditional form for present/future, which clashes with the past condition.
Option (A) 'would avoided' is ungrammatical (a modal takes V1), and Option (C) 'had avoided' omits the modal; hence "he would have avoided the subsequent ambush" is correct. - Choose the alternative which can be substituted for the given words/sentence.
A job or position requiring little or no work, but with good pay:- A. Colonel
- B. Sinecure
- C. President
- D. Politician
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. Sinecure
Sinecure (बिना काम का वेतनभोगी पद / आराम की नौकरी): A position requiring little or no work but giving the holder pay or status. (Therefore, this is the correct answer).
Word Origin: From Latin 'sine cura', meaning 'without care'.
Colonel (कर्नल) is a military rank, while President (राष्ट्रपति / अध्यक्ष) and Politician (राजनेता) are positions that involve real duties. - Choose the alternative which can be substituted for the given words/sentence.
An instrument used for measuring the force of the pulse:- A. Galvanometer
- B. Thermometer
- C. Hydrometer
- D. Sphygmomanometer
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. Sphygmomanometer
Sphygmomanometer (रक्तदाबमापी): An instrument for measuring blood pressure, the force the pulse wave exerts on artery walls. (Therefore, this is the correct answer).
Word Breakdown: Greek 'sphygmos' (pulse) + 'manometer' (pressure gauge).
Galvanometer (धारामापी) detects and measures electric current, Thermometer (तापमापी) measures temperature, and Hydrometer (द्रवघनत्वमापी) measures the density of liquids.
Exam Tip: Do not confuse Hydrometer with Hygrometer (आर्द्रतामापी), which measures humidity. - Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
The authorities have not repaired the broken roads for months.- A. The broken roads were not repaired by the authorities for months.
- B. The broken roads are not repaired by the authorities for months.
- C. The broken roads had not been repaired by the authorities for months.
- D. The broken roads have not been repaired by the authorities for months.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. The broken roads have not been repaired by the authorities for months.
The given sentence is in the Active Voice of Present Perfect Tense ('have not repaired').
The plural object 'the broken roads' becomes the subject, so 'have not been + V3' is used (have not been repaired).
Structure: Active (Subject + has/have + not + V3 + Object) → Passive (Object + has/have + not + been + V3 + by + Agent).
Options (A), (B) and (C) change the tense to Simple Past, Simple Present and Past Perfect respectively; the duration phrase 'for months' also calls for the perfect aspect.
Therefore, "The broken roads have not been repaired by the authorities for months." is correct. - Select the correct passive form of the given sentence.
The defence lawyer was arguing the case of the wrongly convicted prisoner in front of the high court bench yesterday.- A. The case of the wrongly convicted prisoner was argued in front of the high court bench yesterday by the defence lawyer.
- B. The case of the wrongly convicted prisoner had been argued in front of the high court bench yesterday by the defence lawyer.
- C. The case of the wrongly convicted prisoner was being argued in front of the high court bench yesterday by the defence lawyer.
- D. The case of the wrongly convicted prisoner has been argued in front of the high court bench yesterday by the defence lawyer.
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. The case of the wrongly convicted prisoner was being argued in front of the high court bench yesterday by the defence lawyer.
The given sentence is in the Active Voice of Past Continuous Tense ('was arguing').
Rule: The Past Continuous passive takes was/were + being + V3; the singular subject 'The case' takes 'was being argued'.
Structure: Active (Subject + was/were + V-ing + Object) → Passive (Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Agent).
Option (A) loses the continuous aspect, Option (B) uses the Past Perfect, and Option (D) wrongly combines the Present Perfect with the past time marker 'yesterday'.
Therefore, Option (C) "The case of the wrongly convicted prisoner was being argued ... by the defence lawyer." is correct. - The sentence given below is divided into four segments labelled P, Q, R, and S. Read the sentence carefully to determine which segment contains a grammatical, syntactic, or idiomatic error.
Select the letter corresponding to that specific segment as your answer. (Note: Every sentence contains exactly one error.
Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
(P) Advised by her digital marketing agent not to clap back the toxic comments / (Q) on her streaming channel, the popular gaming influencer / (R) chose instead to ignore the online trolls / (S) and focus entirely on her upcoming charity livestream event.- A. P
- B. Q
- C. R
- D. S
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. P
The error is in part (P) "not to clap back the toxic comments".
Grammar Rule (Phrasal Verb + Preposition):'Clap back' (तीखा पलटवार करना / करारा जवाब देना) is an intransitive phrasal verb and takes 'at' before its target (clap back at someone/something).
Therefore, "Advised ... not to clap back at the toxic comments" is correct.
Parts Q, R and S are correct: 'chose instead to ignore' follows the pattern choose + toinfinitive, and 'focus entirely on' uses the right preposition. - Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Complete the following passage by filling in the blanks with the most appropriate words from the options given below. Electric vehicles (EVs) promise lower emissions, quieter cities, and reduced dependence on fossil fuels. However, the transition to electric mobility requires substantial investment in charging infrastructure, reliable electricity grids, and sustainable battery production. (A) _____, policymakers must recognize that technological innovation alone cannot guarantee widespread adoption. Consumer confidence depends on affordability, charging availability, battery longevity, and transparent regulatory standards. Although EVs reduce tailpipe emissions, irresponsible mining practices may (B) _____ ecological degradation in resource-rich regions if environmental safeguards remain inadequate. Governments, industries, and research institutions must therefore develop cleaner extraction techniques and promote battery recycling and alternative materials. If governments (C) _____ clear and consistent policy incentives, consumers would feel more confident about investing in electric vehicles despite their higher initial costs. Such confidence may encourage manufacturers to expand production and reduce prices. Equally important is the creation of an (D) _____ that rewards innovation without discouraging fair competition. Long-term industrial growth also depends on institutional credibility and predictable governance. Ultimately, the success of electric mobility will be determined by society’s willingness to invest (E) _____ a comprehensive transition that balances environmental responsibility, economic practicality, and social equity.Identify the correct discourse marker for blank (A).- A. Nevertheless
- B. Therefore
- C. Likewise
- D. Meanwhile
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. Therefore
The passage first says the EV transition "requires substantial investment in charging infrastructure, reliable electricity grids, and sustainable battery production." The next idea, that "technological innovation alone cannot guarantee widespread adoption", is a logical conclusion drawn from that requirement.
Therefore (इसलिए / अतः) is a discourse marker of result or conclusion, so it fits the blank.
Nevertheless (फिर भी) signals contrast, Likewise (इसी प्रकार) signals similarity, and Meanwhile (इसी बीच) signals simultaneous time; none expresses this cause-effect link. - Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Complete the following passage by filling in the blanks with the most appropriate words from the options given below. Electric vehicles (EVs) promise lower emissions, quieter cities, and reduced dependence on fossil fuels. However, the transition to electric mobility requires substantial investment in charging infrastructure, reliable electricity grids, and sustainable battery production. (A) _____, policymakers must recognize that technological innovation alone cannot guarantee widespread adoption. Consumer confidence depends on affordability, charging availability, battery longevity, and transparent regulatory standards. Although EVs reduce tailpipe emissions, irresponsible mining practices may (B) _____ ecological degradation in resource-rich regions if environmental safeguards remain inadequate. Governments, industries, and research institutions must therefore develop cleaner extraction techniques and promote battery recycling and alternative materials. If governments (C) _____ clear and consistent policy incentives, consumers would feel more confident about investing in electric vehicles despite their higher initial costs. Such confidence may encourage manufacturers to expand production and reduce prices. Equally important is the creation of an (D) _____ that rewards innovation without discouraging fair competition. Long-term industrial growth also depends on institutional credibility and predictable governance. Ultimately, the success of electric mobility will be determined by society’s willingness to invest (E) _____ a comprehensive transition that balances environmental responsibility, economic practicality, and social equity.Identify the correct word for blank (B).- A. exacerbate
- B. alleviate
- C. conceal
- D. postpone
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. exacerbate
The passage says irresponsible mining "may (B) _____ ecological degradation in resource-rich regions if environmental safeguards remain inadequate." The condition 'if safeguards remain inadequate' points to a worsening effect, so the verb must mean 'make worse'.
Exacerbate (और बिगाड़ना / बढ़ा देना): To make a problem or bad situation worse. (Therefore, this is the correct answer).
Alleviate (कम करना / राहत देना) is its opposite, while Conceal (छिपाना) and Postpone (टालना) do not show the harmful impact of mining. - Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Complete the following passage by filling in the blanks with the most appropriate words from the options given below. Electric vehicles (EVs) promise lower emissions, quieter cities, and reduced dependence on fossil fuels. However, the transition to electric mobility requires substantial investment in charging infrastructure, reliable electricity grids, and sustainable battery production. (A) _____, policymakers must recognize that technological innovation alone cannot guarantee widespread adoption. Consumer confidence depends on affordability, charging availability, battery longevity, and transparent regulatory standards. Although EVs reduce tailpipe emissions, irresponsible mining practices may (B) _____ ecological degradation in resource-rich regions if environmental safeguards remain inadequate. Governments, industries, and research institutions must therefore develop cleaner extraction techniques and promote battery recycling and alternative materials. If governments (C) _____ clear and consistent policy incentives, consumers would feel more confident about investing in electric vehicles despite their higher initial costs. Such confidence may encourage manufacturers to expand production and reduce prices. Equally important is the creation of an (D) _____ that rewards innovation without discouraging fair competition. Long-term industrial growth also depends on institutional credibility and predictable governance. Ultimately, the success of electric mobility will be determined by society’s willingness to invest (E) _____ a comprehensive transition that balances environmental responsibility, economic practicality, and social equity.Identify the correct word/phrase for blank
(C).- A. provide
- B. provided
- C. had provided
- D. will provide
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. provided
Grammar Rule (Second Conditional): The main clause "consumers would feel more confident" uses 'would + V1', so the if-clause must take the Simple Past (If + Subject + V2).
Structure:If + Subject + V2 ..., Subject + would + V1, used for a hypothetical present or future situation.
Hence, "If governments provided clear and consistent policy incentives" is correct. 'Provide' and 'will provide' do not match a 'would' clause (First Conditional uses If + V1, will + V1, and 'will' is not used in the if-clause), and 'had provided' belongs to the Third Conditional (would have + V3). - Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Complete the following passage by filling in the blanks with the most appropriate words from the options given below. Electric vehicles (EVs) promise lower emissions, quieter cities, and reduced dependence on fossil fuels. However, the transition to electric mobility requires substantial investment in charging infrastructure, reliable electricity grids, and sustainable battery production. (A) _____, policymakers must recognize that technological innovation alone cannot guarantee widespread adoption. Consumer confidence depends on affordability, charging availability, battery longevity, and transparent regulatory standards. Although EVs reduce tailpipe emissions, irresponsible mining practices may (B) _____ ecological degradation in resource-rich regions if environmental safeguards remain inadequate. Governments, industries, and research institutions must therefore develop cleaner extraction techniques and promote battery recycling and alternative materials. If governments (C) _____ clear and consistent policy incentives, consumers would feel more confident about investing in electric vehicles despite their higher initial costs. Such confidence may encourage manufacturers to expand production and reduce prices. Equally important is the creation of an (D) _____ that rewards innovation without discouraging fair competition. Long-term industrial growth also depends on institutional credibility and predictable governance. Ultimately, the success of electric mobility will be determined by society’s willingness to invest (E) _____ a comprehensive transition that balances environmental responsibility, economic practicality, and social equity.Identify the correct phrase for blank (D).- A. economic encouragement
- B. economic motivation encouragement
- C. economic persuasion
- D. economic ecosystem
Show answer and explanation
Answer: D. economic ecosystem
The sentence reads "Equally important is the creation of an (D) _____ that rewards innovation without discouraging fair competition." The blank needs a system or environment, something that can be 'created' and can 'reward' innovation while preserving competition.
Economic ecosystem (आर्थिक पारितंत्र / आर्थिक व्यवस्था-तंत्र): An interconnected network of businesses, institutions, policies and markets. (Therefore, this is the correct answer).
Encouragement (प्रोत्साहन), Motivation (प्रेरणा) and Persuasion (अनुनय) are acts or feelings, not structures, so they cannot be 'created' to reward innovation.
The article 'an' suits every option because 'economic' begins with a vowel sound, so the choice rests on meaning alone. - Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Complete the following passage by filling in the blanks with the most appropriate words from the options given below. Electric vehicles (EVs) promise lower emissions, quieter cities, and reduced dependence on fossil fuels. However, the transition to electric mobility requires substantial investment in charging infrastructure, reliable electricity grids, and sustainable battery production. (A) _____, policymakers must recognize that technological innovation alone cannot guarantee widespread adoption. Consumer confidence depends on affordability, charging availability, battery longevity, and transparent regulatory standards. Although EVs reduce tailpipe emissions, irresponsible mining practices may (B) _____ ecological degradation in resource-rich regions if environmental safeguards remain inadequate. Governments, industries, and research institutions must therefore develop cleaner extraction techniques and promote battery recycling and alternative materials. If governments (C) _____ clear and consistent policy incentives, consumers would feel more confident about investing in electric vehicles despite their higher initial costs. Such confidence may encourage manufacturers to expand production and reduce prices. Equally important is the creation of an (D) _____ that rewards innovation without discouraging fair competition. Long-term industrial growth also depends on institutional credibility and predictable governance. Ultimately, the success of electric mobility will be determined by society’s willingness to invest (E) _____ a comprehensive transition that balances environmental responsibility, economic practicality, and social equity.Identify the correct preposition for blank (E).- A. by
- B. over
- C. in
- D. upon
Show answer and explanation
Answer: C. in
Grammar Rule (Fixed Preposition): The verb 'invest' takes the preposition 'in' (invest in something), whether the object is money, time, effort or a project.
Here, society must be willing to "invest in" a comprehensive transition that balances environmental, economic and social goals. 'Invest by', 'invest over' and 'invest upon' are not standard collocations.
Exam Tip:'Invest with' has a different meaning, to give someone authority or a quality (अधिकार प्रदान करना), e.g. "The court invested him with full powers."